As anyone who is in the industry will tell you, when it comes to online trading, it is always a battle between two groups of people, the bulls and the bears. bitcoin is no different, but both groups are so vocal in their opinions on whether it’s a bubble waiting to bust or an asset waiting to explode even higher, writes James Trescothick, senior global strategist at easyMarkets

Many of the naysayers compare the 2017 bitcoin rise to the 1619 Tulip mania, whereas the true believers keep saying “forget the blasted tulips already!” With that in mind, I thought it would be interesting to look at some of the past asset bubbles and see if there is a comparison.

US stocks (1923-1932)

Whenever anyone thinks of the 1929  crash they usually only think of Black Tuesday, the devastation it caused and the 12-year Great Depression. They tend to overlook the build-up to it and the massive bull run that the stock market went on until October 1929.

Like many things that are traded on the markets, the rise of US stocks at the time had nothing to do with their intrinsic value, but with optimism. 

The Roaring Twenties brought with them a huge excess and decadence and a renewed belief in the American dream. Many rural Americans moved to the cities looking for fortune in the rapidly growing industrial sector and for the first time ordinary people could invest in the New York Stock Exchange. 

Hundreds of thousands of Americans invested massively into stocks by borrowing money. By the time the crash occurred the total amount out on loan had reached $8.5bn an amount greater than the entire sum of physical cash in the country.

For obvious reasons the stock market went on bull run with the Dow Jones gaining more than 20% in just a 4-month period.  Then, on October 29^th 1929 as many investors started to face margin calls, panic selling took hold and markets crashed losing $14 billion in a single day.  Following that day, the market did experience a few days of recovery but the bull market was over. By July 8^th 1932 the Dow Jones had fallen to 41.22 reaching its peak back in September 1929 before the crash at 381.7.  This huge market collapse had such a huge impact that the stock market never recovered to the same levels again until 1954.

Similarities to bitcoin Rally?

When bitcoin was first introduced it was the tech-savvy who were buying it, as they understood it. The 2017 bull rally has been driven in many ways by the sudden growth of interest in bitcoin by Joe Public. Before the 1920’s, market speculation had only been for professional traders. With increased optimism most Americans joined the trading band wagon to make their fortune.  We are seeing it again, those who don’t really understand bitcoin are buying in on the back of hearing stories of people who have made millions by buying bitcoin early on. One of the differences of course, is though the bitcoin CFD market is growing, the bulk of bitcoin’s rise has been due to people buying it physically, so margin calls will inevitably affect the relatively small CFD market.  However, like everything, bitcoin can still be subject to panic selling which could occur at any time.

South Sea Bubble (1719- 1722)

“The Sun never sets on the British Empire” as the famous saying goes and during the 1700’S the British were living in a time of prosperity.  Many Brits found themselves with money to invest and looking for the ideal opportunity.  The South Sea Company (SCC) which had purchased the “rights” to trade in the South Seas was one such opportunity.  At the time there were very few companies offering stocks and with well-known success stories of other trading companies like the East India Company, public appetite for buying stocks in the SSC skyrocketed. The belief that trading with South America would bring riches galore pushed the SCC’s stock price to a high of 1000 pounds a share. 

However, there was a big problem. Spain controlled the majority of South America which meant trading was nearly impossible.  Along with bad management the South Sea Company share prices eventually crashed.

Thousands of individuals were in financial ruin; it is also said that Isaac Newton who had shares in SCC lost £20,000 or about $3 million in today’s value.

Similarities to the bitcoin Rally?

First, the success of bitcoin has lead other cryptocurrencies to also rise, with new initial coin offerings (ICOs) being launched on a weekly basis. The hugely successful East India Company made massive profits, you can see how some would have thought the South Sea Company would do the same.

The South Sea company’s undoing was the fact that its basic function of trading with South America was never actually going to happen due to Spain’s dominance in the region. bitcoins main function is to make payments for anything all over the world and be the currency that everyone can use without any interference from the banking community. But like Spain preventing the SCC, do you really think that all the central banks will let bitcoin take over without their control? The major difference of course is that bitcoin has already survived tough restrictions implemented by the Russian and Chinese governments, but only time will tell whether it could take on global restrictions.

Tulip Bubble (1634-1637)

Ok, bitcoin bulls are going to hate me for bring this story up but hey forgive me.  Tulips were first introduced in Holland from Turkey at the end of the 1500s. The flower became a must have and that resulted in rising prices. Soon, the price of tulips was rising so fast, people were selling their land and assets just to get their hands on more bulbs, thinking they could sell it on for huge profits. Mania gripped the country, then came the speculators and tulip contracts that traded on the futures market. Then there was a bout of profit taking which was quickly followed by panic selling. As the prices fell lower and lower real fear gripped the market as people realised that they had given up almost everything just to buy a bulb.  Future contracts were not honored and many people went bankrupt.  The government tried to step in but it was too late, it was over.

At the height of its price, tulip bulbs were selling for the value of a large piece of land, 10 times more of an annual income of a skilled worker, after its collapse it cost as little as an onion.

Similarities to the bitcoin Rally?

bitcoin bulls hold your breath. Though I do see some parallels in what happened in Holland in 1622 to bitcoins amazing bull run in 2017, I also see many differences. First, you could say what we are seeing is a bit of a bitcoin mania at the moment and of course we have seen a dramatic crash with another cryptocurrency this year: Ethereum fell from $319 to 10 cents before bouncing back up in June, which is of course similar to the collapse in the value of tulips back in 1622. In my opinion when the bitcoin bubble does finally bust , I for one cannot see it falling so low that it becomes worthless. Like the tulip mania, the real question many analysts are asking is what is bitcoin’s intrinsic value? 

Fundamentally speaking, bitcoin is not really affected by economic events or company performance but on how much someone is willing to pay and for how long the demand will continue to rise.  Now like the tulip mania first started, when bulbs were being sold physically it was one of the leading exports for Holland.  As prices rose speculators jumped in and prices continued to skyrocket and then…. bust.  Now as I mentioned already, bitcoin is designed to be used as a form of payment.  Recent highs have been caused by investors not looking to use it for its intended purpose but for making a profit by speculating.  Now here is where I see the problem. When those speculators go to cash in they may find that their banks will not accept the transfer back.  If that does happen, then like the tulip bubble you could see a massive rush for the exits and bitcoin will fall like a stone.  However, as I have said I don’t believe for a second it will become worthless and it is here to stay. Furthermore it does have a purpose which I feel more people will eventually use it for what it was designed to do, which should help hold its value.

Alright, bitcoin bulls?